【民航术语】active jamming（有源干扰）
active jamming |
| the deliberate radiation or reradiation of electromagnetic energy with the object of imparing the use of a specific band or bands of frequencies. |
| 有源干扰 |
旨在破坏对一个或数个特定频带使用的、故意施加的幅射或再幅射电磁能。 |
【声明】本文英文来自FAA ORDER 1000. 15A，全文内容仅供参考
延伸阅读（来自维基百科）
jamming and deception () is the intentional emission of signals to interfere with the operation of a radar by saturating its receiver with or false information. There are two types of radar jamming: Mechanical and Electronic jamming.
Mechanical jamming[]
Mechanical jamming is caused by devices which reflect or re-reflect energy back to the radar to produce false target returns on the operator's scope. Mechanical jamming devices include , , and .
is made of different length metallic strips, which reflect different frequencies, so as to create a large area of false returns in which a real contact would be difficult to detect. Modern chaff is usually aluminum coated glass fibers of various lengths. Their extremely low weight and small size allows them to form a dense, long lasting cloud of interference.
have the same effect as chaff but are physically very different. Corner reflectors are many-sided objects that re-radiate radar energy mostly back toward its source. An aircraft cannot carry as many corner reflectors as it can chaff.
are maneuverable flying objects that are intended to deceive a radar operator into believing that they are actually aircraft. They are especially dangerous because they can clutter up a radar with false targets making it easier for an attacker to get within weapons range and neutralize the radar. Corner reflectors can be fitted on decoys to make them appear larger than they are, thus furthering the illusion that a decoy is an actual aircraft. Some decoys have the capability to perform electronic jamming or drop chaff. Decoys also have a deliberately sacrificial purpose i.e. defenders may fire at the decoys, thereby depleting limited stocks of expensive weaponry which might otherwise have been used against genuine targets.
Electronic jamming[]
Electronic jamming is a form of where jammers radiate interfering signals toward an enemy's radar, blocking the receiver with highly concentrated energy signals. The two main technique styles are noise techniques and repeater techniques. The three types of noise jamming are spot, sweep, and barrage.
Spot jamming occurs when a jammer focuses all of its power on a single frequency. While this would severely degrade the ability to track on the jammed frequency, a frequency-agile radar would hardly be affected because the jammer can only jam one frequency. While multiple jammers could possibly jam a range of frequencies, this would consume a great deal of resources to have any effect on a frequency-agile radar, and would probably still be ineffective.
Sweep jamming is when a jammer's full power is shifted from one frequency to another. While this has the advantage of being able to jam multiple frequencies in quick succession, it does not affect them all at the same time, and thus limits the effectiveness of this type of jamming. Although, depending on the error checking in the device(s) this can render a wide range of devices effectively useless.
is the jamming of multiple frequencies at once by a single jammer. The advantage is that multiple frequencies can be jammed simultaneously; however, the jamming effect can be limited because this requires the jammer to spread its full power between these frequencies, as the number of frequencies covered increases the less effectively each is jammed.
Base jamming is a new type of Barrage Jamming where one radar is jammed effectively at its source at all frequencies. However, all other radars continue working normally.
Pulse jamming produces noise pulses with period depending on radar mast rotation speed thus creating blocked sectors from directions other than the jammer, making it harder to discover the jammer location.
Cover pulse jamming creates a short noise pulse when radar signal is received thus concealing any aircraft flying behind the EW craft with a block of noise.
, or DRFM jamming, or Repeater jamming is a technique that manipulates received radar energy and retransmits it to change the return the radar sees. This technique can change the range the radar detects by changing the delay in transmission of pulses, the velocity the radar detects by changing the doppler shift of the transmitted signal, or the angle to the plane by using AM techniques to transmit into the sidelobes of the radar. Electronics, radio equipment, and antenna can cause DRFM jamming causing false targets, the signal must be timed after the received radar signal. By analysing received signal strength from side and backlobes and thus getting radar antennae radiation pattern, false targets can be created to directions other than one where the jammer is coming from. If each radar pulse is uniquely coded it is not possible to create targets in directions other than the direction of the jammer
Deceptive jamming uses techniques like "range gate pull-off" to break a radar lock.
请继续浏览快速访问的实用技巧，只需要三步
第一步，关注“翼知堂”的公众号；
第二步，将“翼知堂”公众号的标识添加到桌面，建立桌面快捷方式；
未来，您随时点击“翼知堂”公众号的桌面快捷图标，即可直接访问。
另外，将“翼知堂”在您关注的订阅号清单中“置顶”，也是不错的选择，但仍然没有建立桌面快捷图标直接和便捷。
第三步，点击“翼知堂”公众号主页面底端的菜单选项，即可访问本文。